Homenagem
a Jorge Álvares
Convite
It’s about to end the year in which
five centuries ago the first Portuguese navigator arrived to the south China
coast, so a group of Macau residents, friends from China and Portugal,
considers to be their duty to organize a public event that will celebrate this
historical event that marks the beginning of the century’s long relationship
between Chinese and Portuguese.
區華利
今年下旬將會是首位葡萄牙航海家到達南中國的伍佰週年。因此，一批澳門居民與來自中國及葡萄牙的朋友盡他們的義務組織公開活動去紀念中國及葡萄牙之間締結數百世界的深厚友誼的歷史時刻。
It was in 1513, exactly 500 years
ago, that Jorge Álvares, Portuguese navigator, arrived at the Pearls River
delta. According to the chronicles written at that time, Jorge Älvares was very
well received by the local people, creating the conditions for further contacts
that led to the Portuguese establishment in Macau.
1513 年，葡萄牙航海家區華利來到珠三角。根據當時的文獻記載，區華利受到當地居民熱情款待，因此創造條件令葡萄牙與澳門建立更多接觸。
This first encounter between people
of two nations from opposing sides of the vast Eurasia continent started the
cultural interchange between China and Portugal and strongly marked the history
of both countries, being the origin of this unique place, which is the Macau
Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China.
葡萄牙及中國位於歐亞大陸版塊上的各端，而兩國的文化交流及歷史始於如此獨特的地方-中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區。
To celebrate the 500th
anniversary of this important historical event, we invite all Macau residents,
friends of China and Portugal, to attend the ceremony that will take place on
Saturday, 14th December, at 4pm, near Jorge Álvares statue, located
in the small square in front of the old Macau’s Judicial Court Building.
今年剛好踏入500周年，在這個重要的歷史時刻，我們邀請所有澳門居民‘ 來自中國及葡萄牙的朋友來到位於前法院大樓前的小廣場内的區華利石像參與紀念活動，活動開始日期及時間為十二月十四日下午四時。
贊揚區華利利(1513-2013)
Homenagem a Jorge Alvares (1513-2013)
今日在區華利前地，我們一齊紀念區華利先生伍佰年前來華經商的貢獻(1513-2013)。
Homenagem a Jorge Álvares (1513-2013), junto ao respectivo monumento, em Macau.
(Iniciativa de Paulo Godinho, alocução de Jorge Morbey, versão chinesa de António Viegas Costa)
D. Manuel I (r. 1495-1521) 葡萄牙國王曼努埃爾一世
明武宗Wuzong (r. 1505-1521) 大明朝第十代皇帝
中國和葡萄牙之閒的關係開端
Primórdios das relações entre a China e
Portugal
1
各位嘉賓
午安！
中國與葡萄牙建立往來已經有伍佰周年的歷史！但是，在葡萄牙歷史上，第一次提到中國是什麽時候？應該在1508年2月12日，葡萄牙國王要求航海家Diogo Lopes de Sequeira 去亞洲發現馬六甲時，交給他的路程遵守規章制度文件内首次提及中國！
O primeiro documento real português em que se refere a China é o Regimento de Diogo Lopes de Sequeira, enviado à descoberta de Malaca, dado pelo Rei D. Manuel I de Portugal, em 12 de Fervereiro de 1508:
Perguntarees pollos çhins, e de que parte veem, e de cam lonje, e de quamto
em quamto vem a Mallaca ou aos lugares em que trautam, e as mercadajas que
trazem, e quamtas d´elles vem cada anno, e pellas feyções de suas naaos, e se
tornaram no anno em que veem, e se teem feitores ou casas em Mallaca ou em
outra allguua terra, e se sam mercadores riquos, e se ssam homeens fracos se
guerreiros, e se teem armas ou artelhas rjas, e que vestidos trazem, e sse ssam
gramdes homees de corpos, e toda a outra enformacam d´elles, e sse ssam
cristãos se gentios, ou sse he grande terra a sua, e sse teem mais de hum rey
entre elles, e sse vyveem entre elles mouros ou outra algua gente que nam vyva
na sua lley ou crença, e, sse nam ssam cirstãos, em que creem ou a quem adoram,
e que costumes guardam e para que parte se estemde sua terra, e com que
confynam.[1]
The first Portuguese royal document
referring China is the Standing Orders to Diogo Lopes de Sequeira, sent
to discover Malacca, given by King Manuel I of Portugal and issued in 1508,
February 12:
“Inquire about the Chinese, and
where they come from, and how far is the place from which they come, and when do they come to Malacca or to the places
they trade, and the goods they bring, and how many of them come in each year,
and the characteristics of their vessels, and if
they return in the same year they come, and if they do have factories
or houses in Malacca or in any other land, and
if are them rich merchants, and
if are they weak or warriors, and if do they have powerful weapons or
artillery, and the clothes they wear, and if are they men of great physical stature,
and all other information about them, and whether they are Christians or
Gentiles, or if their land is large, and
if they have more than a king among them, and if among them are living some Arabs and other people that do not live according to their law or belief, and, if they are not
Christians, what is their religion and their God, and which customs have them, and to which part their land extends to, and with
whom they confine.”
2
區華利先生是第一個葡萄牙人於1513年來到中國。當時他在馬六甲遇到一些中國商人，跟他們友好的建立了通商合作關係，在得到了他們的建議和支持後，這些葡萄牙人就跟隨中國人一起來到中國做貿易。他們利用在緬甸買的中國帆船在海上航行，同時把蘇門答臘島的胡胡椒運往中國。當時在中國胡椒可以高價賣出的，賣價比買價高出十倍有多！
區華利當時是一位商人。他的帆船在1513年5月在内伶仃島停泊，位置在北緯度：22o41，，東經度：113°8，，香港屯門區的西邊。爲紀念他的新發現，區華利竪起一座刻有葡萄牙武器的石碑。區華利的兒子因爲在航程中去世，他的遺體被埋葬在那處。約於1514年中，區華利做完貿易後，就啓程返回馬六甲。
Jorge Álvares: o primeiro português
que veio à China – 1513
Relacionando-se
amigavelmente com mercadores chineses em Malaca de quem recebiam conselhos e
apoio, os portugueses planearam uma viagem de comércio à China. Navegaram num
junco comprado em Bago [Pegú
勃固] Myanmar 緬甸, carregado de pimenta em Sumatra, mercadoria
que rendia então lucros elevados na China. O preço de venda era cerca de dez vezes
o preço de compra.
Jorge Álvares era o mercador. O junco
ancorou na ilha de Neilingding 内伶仃岛Lat:
22.41
Long: 113.8), a Oeste de Tuen Mun 屯門區, em Maio de 1513. Álvares
levantou um padrão com as armas de Portugal. Seu filho, falecido na viagem, foi
aí sepultado . Em meados de 1514 a missão comercial estava de regresso a
Malaca.
Jorge
Álvares: the first Portuguese to come to China – 1513:
Meeting
friendly Chinese traders in Malacca and receiving their advice and support, the
Portuguese planned a travel by commercial prospecting to China. They sailed in
a junk, bought in Bago [Pegú 勃固] Myanmar 緬甸, loaded with pepper from Sumatra, commodity that
then yielded higher profits in China. The selling price was 10 times the price
of purchase.
Jorge
Álvares was the trade maker. The junk
anchored in Neilingding island 内伶仃岛 (Lat: 22.41
Long: 113.8), in May 1513, West of Tuen Mun 屯門區. Álvares put up a monument [padrão] to
commemorate his discovery on which the arms of Portugal were engraved. His son,
who had died on the voyage, was buried in the same place at the foot of the
mountain. By mid 1514
the trade mission was back in Malacca
3
1515 年第二批通商代表團
第二批通商代表團由十個葡萄牙人組成，並以果阿的富商Raphael Perestrelo為首，於1515年乘坐三艘中國帆船離開馬六甲。
主要的商貨亦胡椒爲主。大約於1516年回到馬六甲之後，得到的收入超過成本二十倍。對於中國，葡萄牙人當時留下美好的印象。當時的文件記載著：中國是一塊十分和平之地和中國人是十分友善的。
Segunda missão comercial
(1515)
Uma segunda missão comercial partiu
de Malaca em 1515, em três juncos chineses, com dez portugueses a bordo chefiados por Raphael Perestrelo, rico
mercador em Goa 果阿 .
A principal mercadoria era pimenta, novamente. No regresso a Malaca em
1516, as contas desta missão comercial registavam lucros avaliados em vinte
vezes o valor das despesas. Sobre a China, a impressão dos portugueses era a
melhor: “terra de muita paz e os chineses um povo excelente”.
Second trade mission (1515)
A new trade mission left Malacca in 1515 on board of three Chinese
junks with ten Portuguese captained by Raphael Perestrelo, a rich merchant in
Goa 果阿 .
The main commodity was again pepper. On return to
that city in 1516, the accounts of the mission resulted in profits evaluated in
twenty times the amount of expenses. On China, the view of the Portuguese was
the best: "land of great peace and the Chinese a very good people.”
五百年已經過去，現在的中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區，我們面向未來，將批次繼續與葡語國家加强人民關係。
Quinhentos anos passados, estamos na Região Administrativa Especial de
Macau da República Popular da China, abrindo caminhos de futuro nas relações
entre a China e o os Países de Língua Portuguesa.
After five hundred years, we are in
the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China,
opening new paths in the relations between China and the Portuguese-speaking
countries.
[1] Regimento
dado a Diogo Lopes de Sequeira, para ir descobrir a parte oeste da ilha de São
Lourenço, pois a outra era já toda descoberta, e quaesquer terras até Malaca,
tomamdo de tudo enformação: Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, Corpo
Cronológico, parte I, maço 6, nº 82 – Reproduzido em Alguns Documentos do Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, Lisboa, ANTT,
1892, pp. 194 e 195, e também nas Cartas
de Afonso de Albuquerque, Lisboa, 1884, vol. III, pp. 403-419.
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